Hubungan Internasional, adalah cabang dari ilmu politik, merupakan suatu studi tentang persoalan-persoalan luar negeri dan isu-isu global di antara negara-negara dalam sistem internasional, termasuk peran negara-negara, organisasi-organisasi antarpemerintah, organisasi-organisasi nonpemerintah atau lembaga swadaya masyarakat, dan perusahaan-perusahaan multinasional.^[1].Hubungan Internasional adalah suatu bidang akademis dan kebijakan publik dan dapat bersifat positif atau normatif karena berusaha menganalisis serta merumuskan kebijakan luar negeri negara-negara tertentu.

Selain ilmu politik, Hubungan Internasional menggunakan pelbagai bidang ilmu seperti ekonomi, sejarah, hukum, filsafat, geografi, sosiologi, antropologi, psikologi, studi-studi budaya 

Akankah indonesia hilang?

Rekan-rekan yang suka membaca atau mempelajari buku-buku tentang migrasi manusia modern berdasarkan analisis genetika molekuler (DNA), pasti pernah membaca nama Stephen Oppenheimer.

Oppenheimer adalah salah satu tokoh utama bidang ini, yang produktif menuliskan hasil-hasil risetnya. Saat ini, Oppenheimer yang semula seorang dokter anak dan pernah bertugas di Afrika, Malaysia, dan Papua New Guinea; adalah research associate di Institute of Human Sciences, Oxford University.

Salah satu bukunya yang terkenal “Out of Eden : the Peopling of the World” (2004). Ini adalah sebuah buku yang komprehensif tentang sejarah penghunian semua daratan di Bumi oleh manusia modern berdasarkan analisis DNA pada semua bangsa.

Oppenheimer memang pernah terlibat dalam suatu proyek raksasa untuk pemetaan genome manusia seluruh dunia. Dari situ ia mendapatkan data untuk menyusun bukunya. Melalui buku ini, kita bisa menebak dengan mudah bahwa Oppenheimer adalah seorang pembela pemikiran migrasi manusia : Out of Africa, dan menyerang Multiregional.

Namun kita tidak akan membahas buku tersebut,  kita akan membahas tentang bukunya yang lain, yang menyulut perdebatan.

Tahun 1998, Oppenheimer menerbitkan buku yang menggoncang kalangan ilmuwan arkeologi dan paleoantropologi,”Eden in the East : The Drowned Continent of Southea

Mengapa kita disebut bangsa indonesia

Asal Usul Nama Indonesia

PADA zaman purba, kepulauan tanah air kita disebut dengan aneka nama. Dalam catatan bangsa Tionghoa kawasan kepulauan kita dinamai Nan-hai (Kepulauan Laut Selatan). Berbagai catatan kuno bangsa India menamai kepulauan ini Dwipantara (Kepulauan Tanah Seberang), nama yang diturunkan dari kata Sansekerta dwipa (pulau) dan antara (luar, seberang). Kisah Ramayana karya pujangga Valmiki yang termasyhur itu menceritakan pencarian terhadap Sinta, istri Rama yang diculik Ravana, sampai ke Suwarnadwipa (Pulau Emas, yaitu Sumatra sekarang) yang terletak di Kepulauan Dwipantara.

Bangsa Arab menyebut tanah air kita Jaza'ir al-Jawi (Kepulauan Jawa). Nama
Latin untuk kemenyan adalah benzoe, berasal dari bahasa Arab luban jawi
(kemenyan Jawa), sebab para pedagang Arab memperoleh kemenyan dari batang pohon Styrax sumatrana yang dahulu hanya tumbuh di Sumatra. Sampai hari ini jemaah haji kita masih sering dipanggil "Jawa" oleh orang Arab. Bahkan orang Indonesia luar Jawa sekalipun. "Samathrah, Sholibis, Sundah, kulluh Jawi (Sumatra, Sulawesi, Sunda, semuanya Jawa)" kata seorang pedagang di Pasar Seng, Mekah.

Lalu tibalah zaman kedatangan orang Eropa ke Asia. Bangsa-bangsa Eropa yang pertama kali datang itu beranggapan bahwa Asia hanya terdiri dari Arab,
Persia, India, dan Cina. Bagi mereka, daerah yang terbentang luas antara
Persia dan Cina semuanya adalah "Hindia". Semenanjung Asia Selatan mereka sebut "Hindia Muka" dan daratan Asia Tenggara dinamai "Hindia Belakang".

english: Analitycal Exposition

An analytical exposition is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to persuade the listeners or readers that something is the case. To make the persuasion stronger, the speaker or writer gives some arguments as the fundamental reasons why something is the case. This type of text can be found in scientific books, journals, magazines, newspaper articles, academic speech or lectures, research report etc. Analytical expositions are popular among science, academic community and educated people. The generic structure of analytical exposition usually has three components: (1) Thesis, (2) Arguments and (3) Reiteration or conclusion.

A.Generic Structure of Analytical Exposition
1. Thesis : Introduces the topic and shows speaker or writer’s position;
Outlines of the arguments are presented.
2. Arguments : It consists about Point and Elaboration
Point, states the main argument
Elaboration, develops and supports each point of argument
3. Conclusion : Reiteration (restatement), restates speaker or writer’s position

B. Generic Features

1. An analytical exposition focuses on generic human and non human participants.
2. It uses mental processes. It is used to state what the writer or speaker thinks or feels about something. For example: realize, feel etc.
3. It uses emotive and evaluative words
4. It often needs material processes. It is used to state what happens, e.g. ….has polluted… etc.
5. It usually uses Simple Present Tense and Present Perfect Tense.
6. Enumeration is sometimes necessary to show the list of given arguments: Firstly, secondly …, Finally, etc.

Now look the sample of analytical exposition below!

Corruption and Indonesian Culture

Corruption has happened for many years and today it becomes a bad culture in Indonesia for three reasons

Most adult Indonesian or foreigners have known and admitted that corruptions happen in many places. The daily newspapers, news programs on TV and radio have reported corruptions are done everywhere, almost in all departments or public services of this country. Corruptions happen in health, education departments and banks. When we manage to get some documents in public service offices, we usually need much money to pay. Manipulations happen everywhere

The actions to eliminate corruption are weak. The ever stronger culture seems not to come to an end when the responsible institutions who have to reinforce the justice today commit corruption. This is the worst. Corruptions happen in police department, courts where judges, public prosecutors, lawyers make deals to do corruption. All of us also heard in the end of 2004, Probosutejo reported that he had bribed the Supreme Court, or called Mahkamah Agung which becomes the highest level where the justice can be obtained. Perhaps you have to try to come to the local courts and see what happen there. You will see practices of bribery and other kinds of corruption. Therefore, we can say that corruptions becomes our culture. Do you like it?

The citizens have no goodwill to fight against the corruption. They create the situations in which people have opportunities to do corruptions. The citizens like to break the rules because they are not disciplined. For example, in the street when they drive a car or ride motorcycle, they do not have the driving license or necessary documents. Then, they are caught by the local policemen. To avoid more difficulties, they like to bribe the officer. The officer let them go then. In other words, the citizens and officers are the same, doing corruption together. If only the people were critical, disciplined, and obey the rules, and willing to report any wrong behaviors, this country will not be number one corrupting country in the world.
conclusion Based on the reasons, we can conclude that corruption is becoming a bad culture in Indonesia if it is not ended soon by all of us. It seems that there must be more severe penalty for the corruptors. Do we still care about the future of this country?

Passive Voice

Use of Passive

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

Example: My bike was stolen.

In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.

Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:

Example: A mistake was made.

In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).